Amino acids are organic compounds that combine together to form proteins. They contain amino (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. The general structure is H2NCHRCOOH. Based on their R groups, amino acids are generally classified into nonpolar (hydrophobic), polar (hydrophilic), and charged amino acids. Nonpolar ones include glycine, alanine, valine etc. Polar ones include serine, threonine etc. Positively charged (basic) ones include lysine, arginine etc. Negatively charged (acidic) ones include aspartic acid, glutamic acid etc.
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