Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a vasodilator gas that can be administered to treat hypoxic respiratory failure, a condition where inadequate oxygen is reaching the tissues of the body. Hypoxic respiratory failure can occur due to various lung conditions that impair ventilation and/or gas exchange, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. By selectively dilating the pulmonary vessels in the lungs, iNO helps improve oxygenation without dramatically altering blood pressure like other vasodilators. Since its approval by the FDA in 1999, iNO therapy has become a standard treatment option for term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure.
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